Branch in Kazakhstan

07.06.2024

Endowed with abundant natural resources and a strategic geographic position, Kazakhstan effectively attracts foreign capital. The country’s economic stability and liberal regulatory framework render the region highly appealing for international enterprises. In this conducive environment, establishing a branch in Kazakhstan becomes a lucrative move for foreign companies aiming to solidify their presence in Central Asia.

In this article, we will thoroughly analyze the key aspects related to the establishment and operation of branches of foreign companies within Kazakhstan. We will delve into the legal framework, including the registration requirements for branches, the necessary documentation, and procedural intricacies. Furthermore, we will examine the tax obligations that could significantly impact the branch's operations. Additionally, the article will address management and operational issues of the branch, emphasizing the importance of understanding local management practices and operational standards.

What is a branch and how does it function in the legal context of Kazakhstan

A branch is a form of business organization for foreign companies looking to expand their operations beyond their home country. Under Kazakhstani law, a branch functions as a structural unit that operates independently of the parent company but is located within the territory of Kazakhstan.

According to Article 43 of the Civil Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan, dated December 27, 1994 (No. 268-XIII), a branch operates not as an independent legal entity, but as an extension of the parent company. This signifies that it lacks separate legal autonomy, yet it is authorized to conduct activities on behalf of and under the direction of the parent organization.

The distinction between a branch and a subsidiary lies in the degree of legal autonomy. While a subsidiary is an independent legal entity with its own management structure and capital, a branch remains dependent on and under the control of the parent company. This simplifies management and reporting processes for the parent entity.

Establishing a subsidiary in Kazakhstan necessitates navigating a labyrinth of administrative hurdles. This process entails registering with the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Kazakhstan, submitting the parent corporation's foundational documents, furnishing a resolution to inaugurate the branch, and presenting a letter of attorney empowering an individual to act on behalf of the branch's interests in Kazakhstan.

Branches must comply with Kazakhstani legislation, including tax, labor, environmental laws, and industrial safety standards. They are required to maintain accounting records and submit tax reports in accordance with local regulations. Effective branch management necessitates strict adherence to all Kazakhstani legal requirements to avoid legal violations and potential penalties.

Why foreign companies choose Kazakhstan to expand their business

Foreign enterprises choose the Republic of Kazakhstan as a platform for expanding their operations for numerous reasons that make it an appealing destination for business growth. Establishing a branch in this country offers international investors exceptional opportunities to fortify and expand their global operations.

Geostrategic location

The Republic of Kazakhstan is situated at the heart of Eurasia, serving as a pivotal link between the extensive markets of Europe and Asia. Such a strategic location provides optimal conditions for the development of logistical and commercial operations. Establishing a branch in Kazakhstan offers the advantage of rapid access to the markets of the Russian Federation, the People's Republic of China, other Asian states, and countries in Central Asia.

Cost-effective and tax policies

Kazakhstan offers attractive tax incentives for foreign investors, including reduced corporate tax rates and the opportunity to integrate into special economic zones, which provide additional economic preferences. Establishing a branch in this region also enables the utilization of double taxation avoidance agreements concluded with numerous countries.

Economic and political stability

Kazakhstan demonstrates political stability, significantly mitigating risks for foreign investments. The national economy exhibits steady growth, bolstered by active governmental support through various programs and initiatives aimed at attracting foreign companies.

Developed infrastructure services and technological progress

The authorities of the Republic of Kazakhstan actively finance the improvement of infrastructure facilities and technological base, thereby increasing the country's attractiveness for establishing branches of companies engaged in cutting-edge technologies, transportation, and logistics, as well as the energy sector. The expansion of the transportation network and the refinement of technological norms provide new prospects for entrepreneurial activity.

Qualified workforce

Kazakhstan boasts an extensive pool of skilled labor resources with comparatively modest wage requirements in contrast to other developed markets. The presence of well-educated and multilingual professionals renders the country ideal for companies seeking to efficiently manage their operations within the region.

Transparent investment processes

Kazakhstan has significantly streamlined procedures for capital investors from other countries wishing to establish a branch on its territory. Transparency and predictability of investment procedures reduce administrative barriers and contribute to expediting business operations launch.

The establishment of a branch in Kazakhstan not only offers foreign organizations economic advantages but also provides unique strategic opportunities for adaptation and growth in a rapidly developing region. These aspects collectively create an attractive climate for expanding global business.

Consistent process of registering a branch in Kazakhstan

For companies aiming to establish a branch in Kazakhstan, it is critically important to meticulously adhere to the legislatively prescribed procedures. Below is a comprehensive step-by-step delineation of the branch registration process.

Stage 1

Preparation of the necessary documentation

The first step involves the gathering and preparation of all necessary documents for registration. This entails notarized copies of the statutory documents of the parent company, a resolution on the establishment of the branch, powers of attorney, and orders appointing the branch manager. Documentation prepared in a foreign language must be translated into Kazakh or Russian and notarial certified.

Stage 2

Submission of documents to the registration authority

The next step is to submit all prepared and notarized documents to the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Kazakhstan or its territorial divisions. It is necessary to ensure that all forms and documents are filled out correctly and comply with the norms of Kazakhstan's legislation. At this stage, the state fee for registering a branch is also paid.

Stage 3

Obtaining a registration certificate

After analyzing the provided documents and data, the registering authority issues a certificate of registration for the branch in the Republic of Kazakhstan. This act confirms that the branch is officially registered and authorized to conduct its activities within the territory of Kazakhstan. The timeframe for obtaining the certificate may vary from several days to several weeks depending on the circumstances and completeness of the submitted documents.

Each of these steps requires meticulous attention to detail and precise adherence to Kazakhstan's legislation to ensure the legal and successful operation of a branch in Kazakhstan.

List of documentation for registering a branch in Kazakhstan

The processing of the required documents for establishing a branch in Kazakhstan demands special attention from foreign entities and necessitates the submission of a specific set of documentation prescribed by the laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Notarized copies of the main documents of the parent company: charter and constituent agreement.
Resolution on the formation of a unit, containing its name, location on the territory of Kazakhstan, goals and areas of activity.
Appointment of the head of the department with a description of his powers, confirmed by the signature and seal of the parent company: order or decree.
Power of attorney for a representative acting on behalf of a foreign organization in the jurisdiction of Kazakhstan: with a clear indication of the powers of the representative, including the right to sign documents, represent interests before government authorities and manage financial resources.

All documents must be translated by a sworn translator into Kazakh or Russian. Translations must be notarized in the country of origin, then legalized or apostilled depending on whether the country is a signatory to The Hague Convention.

Branch management in Kazakhstan

The management of a branch located within the territory of Kazakhstan encompasses the establishment of an effective managerial structure and precise delineation of the rights and obligations of the branch manager. These are critically vital aspects ensuring not only the legality of the branch's operations but also its efficiency and alignment with the corporate goals of the parent company.

Features of corporate management of a branch in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Corporate governance of a branch in the Republic of Kazakhstan is a complex process that requires strict compliance with both local legislation and the corporate standards of the parent company.

The basis of corporate governance is the principles that ensure the stability and efficiency of the branch:

Compliance with laws The branch is required to operate within the laws of Kazakhstan, which includes compliance with the tax code, labor laws, environmental regulations and other regulatory requirements.
AccountabilityThe branch must regularly report to the parent organization on its work, financial position and achievement of established goals.
TransparencyAll financial transactions must be conducted transparently, ensuring access to information for the parent company and relevant regulatory authorities.

Organizational structure of the branch

The organizational structure of a branch in Kazakhstan is typically designed to address both operational and strategic business objectives while aligning with the legislative norms of Kazakhstan. This structure is developed to ensure efficient management and coordination of all aspects of local operations.

Branch management

The pivotal role in the managerial hierarchy of a branch is played by its director. This individual, appointed by the parent company, is responsible for conducting all operations within the territory of Kazakhstan. The director engages in strategic planning and efficient resource allocation, adhering to the established directives of the parent company. Their authority is typically reinforced by a power of attorney or other authorizing document.

Financial department

The branch's accounting department bears responsibility for financial operations within the framework of the current legislation of Kazakhstan. Among its tasks is the preparation of financial and tax reporting, which is a crucial aspect for maintaining transparency and compliance of financial transactions with legal requirements.

Human Resources Department

The Human Resources department regulates all aspects of labor relations within the branch, including the processes of hiring, training, assessment, and dismissal of employees. This department also ensures compliance with the labor legislation of Kazakhstan, which is critically important for avoiding legal risks.

Legal department

When necessary, the branch structure may include a legal department. Its tasks include providing legal support, monitoring legislative changes, and protecting the interests of the branch in various governmental structures. The legal department also deals with resolving emerging disputes.

Depending on the scale of operations and market requirements, the management structure of a branch may undergo modifications, enabling the organization to flexibly adapt to changing conditions.

Rights and responsibilities of the branch manager

In Kazakhstan, the branch manager plays a crucial role in directing the branch toward accomplishing set strategic goals and supervising daily activities. The performance of the parent firm and the branch are directly impacted by how well they perform their roles. Consequently, the supervisor's responsibilities and privileges are meticulously outlined to guarantee operational efficiency and conformance with regulatory standards.

Rights	Responsibilities
The manager, empowered to represent the parent company's interests, is authorized to operate on its behalf in Kazakhstan, engaging with external entities.	The Human Resources leader is tasked with crafting and enforcing strategies and guidelines to enhance staff performance and operational effectiveness.
Executing leadership choices: within the scope of their authority, the supervisor takes actions designed to enhance the performance of the division.	He guarantees the readiness and punctual filing of all financial and tax documents, adhering to the stipulations of Kazakhstani law.
Contract and financial management: he also has the power to enter into and terminate contracts, manage finances and manage the assets of the branch.	Keeping the head office informed: consistent updates on the latest developments and the status of the subsidiary are crucial for making strategic choices at the corporate level.

For the branch to operate lawfully and smoothly in Kazakhstan, these rights and obligations must be clearly defined and demarcated. This management team upholds a high standard of corporate governance while assisting in reducing risks related to operational activities.

Tax obligations of branches of foreign companies in Kazakhstan

Branches of foreign corporations operating in the territory of Kazakhstan are subject to the same tax requirements as domestic companies. The primary tax obligations faced by these branches include the following:

Income tax

Branches in Kazakhstan are required to pay a profit tax, currently set at 20%. This tax is calculated based on the net profit earned by the branch from its operational activities in Kazakhstan. The tax calculation is derived from the profit after deducting all expenses, enabling the branch to assess its financial performance for the reporting period.

Value added tax

The standard VAT rate is 12%. Branches engaged in activities subject to VAT must register as taxpayers of this tax. This implies that they are obligated to include VAT in the price of their goods and services, as well as to make corresponding contributions to the budget.

Branches of foreign companies operating in Kazakhstan must strictly adhere to the specified tax regulations to ensure the legality of their operations and avoid potential tax sanctions. It is essential for the branch management to have a clear understanding of all tax obligations to ensure compliance with all financial and legal requirements in the host country.

Currency regulation

In Kazakhstan, a complex of stringent rules on currency control is in effect, aimed at regulating both capital transactions and current currency operations. These measures are directed at stabilizing the national currency and ensuring control over currency flows.

Equity operations encompass a wide range of financial maneuvers, including deployments in fixed assets, extensions and receipts of credit facilities, real estate procurement, as well as the repatriation of profits. To execute these maneuvers, securing prior authorization from the National Bank of Kazakhstan is mandatory. Additionally, a multitude of such transactions necessitate the filing of each discrete agreement. This is imperative for the state to efficiently monitor and regulate substantial capital streams, forestalling potential financial transgressions and safeguarding the nation's economic stability.

All current operations involve activities related to the daily conduct of business. Examples of such operations include the import and export of goods and services, payment of licenses, and royalties. Unlike capital transactions, no prior authorization is usually required for conducting current operations. However, mandatory declaration of all such transactions is necessary. Declaration is provided for monitoring the correctness of currency transactions and compliance with currency legislation norms. This enables government authorities to ensure transparency and legality in international trade and other commercial operations.

Accounting and tax accounting for branches of foreign companies in Kazakhstan

Accounting and tax accounting in Kazakhstan for branches of foreign companies is subject to clear regulations ensuring compliance with local financial and tax norms.

Accounting

Branches are required to maintain accounting records in accordance with National Financial Reporting Standards. These standards are analogous to International Financial Reporting Standards and are designed to ensure transparency and comparability of financial statements.

Financial statements

Every year, a branch is obliged to compile and provide a complete set of financial statements, which includes a balance sheet, a statement of financial performance, and a statement of cash flows. This reporting serves as the basis for assessing the financial position of the organization and its operational efficiency.

Tax accounting

The branch's tax liabilities in Kazakhstan must be appropriately reflected in the tax accounting, which is kept apart from the financial accounting. Ensuring accurate tax calculations in compliance with Kazakhstani regulations is imperative in order to prevent any tax fines. This requirement does just that.

Audit

Branches in Kazakhstan belonging to the category of large enterprises based on criteria such as revenue volume, assets, or personnel size are required to undergo an annual audit. Additionally, audits may be required in the event of a company's involvement in certain high-risk activities or when receiving loans and credits from government funds.

Upon completion of the audit, the auditor provides an audit report, which serves as a pivotal document for the management of the parent company and regulatory authorities. This report may be utilized for adjusting managerial decisions, optimizing operational activities, and enhancing financial discipline.

Adhering to these regulatory principles not only fosters the lawful and transparent operations of the branch but also mitigates risks associated with tax and currency infractions.

Tips for start-up companies on doing business in Kazakhstan

Business activity in Kazakhstan can unlock unique opportunities and challenges for new companies. Below are detailed recommendations aimed at optimizing business processes and complying with local legal norms.

Tip 1:

Careful planning and market research

Before entering the Kazakhstani market, conduct an in-depth analysis of local needs and preferences. Study the competitive environment, cultural peculiarities, and market trends. This will enable you to tailor your product or service to the region's specifics and determine potential demand. Pay particular attention to analyzing the regulatory environment to understand all requirements and obligations.

Tip 2:

Follow legal regulations

Ensure full compliance of your business with the requirements of Kazakhstani legislation. This entails proper business registration, adherence to labor laws pertaining to wages and working conditions, as well as accurate calculation and payment of taxes. Non-compliance with legislative requirements can lead to serious fines and legal issues.

Tip 3:

HR administration

Hire qualified local employees who understand the culture and market of Kazakhstan. Develop a system of motivation and training to enhance their productivity and loyalty. This will ensure smoother operation of your business and improve mutual understanding within the team.

Tip 4:

Financial management and planning

Implement efficient financial management measures and effective budget management. Ensuring sufficient liquidity in the initial period is crucial to sustain operational activities of the branch in Kazakhstan and avoid financial hardships.

Tip 5:

Compliance and risk management

Develop and implement internal control policies to comply with legal and corporate regulations. Continuously monitor and manage risks to reduce potential threats to your business, such as financial, operational and reputational risks.

Tip 6:

Integrate with the local business community

Become an active participant in the local business community. Engage in events and networking meetings, forge business relationships and partnerships. Collaborating with local suppliers and contractors can significantly reduce your operational costs and enhance efficiency.

Tip 7:

Use technology

Implement cutting-edge IT solutions for automating business processes and enhancing managerial efficiency. Ensure a high level of information security to safeguard your data and systems from cyberattacks.

Tip 8:

Monitoring changes in legislation

Regularly update your knowledge of legislative changes in Kazakhstan that may impact your business. This will enable you to timely adapt to new requirements and avoid legal issues.

Tip 9:

Prepare for possible crisis situations

Develop and implement crisis management plans to swiftly and efficiently respond to potential financial shocks, political instability, or natural disasters.

These recommendations will assist your company in successfully adapting and thriving in the Kazakhstan market, minimizing risks and optimizing growth opportunities.

Conclusion

The establishment of a branch in the Republic of Kazakhstan presents extensive opportunities for international expansion, enabling enterprises to bolster their presence in one of the foremost markets in Central Asia. With a judicious approach and meticulous preparation, the branch can evolve not only into a source of additional profit but also into a strategic hub for further expansion in this region.

Nevertheless, the process of establishing a branch in the territory of Kazakhstan encompasses a number of intricate stages, demanding a thorough knowledge of local legislative and managerial peculiarities. It is precisely here that YB CASE company may prove to be an indispensable ally. Leveraging extensive expertise in corporate consulting and legal services, YB CASE offers comprehensive support in the establishment of branches for foreign enterprises, encompassing:

Consulting on the selection of the optimal legal form for a branch office.
Assistance in compiling a documentation package.
Assistance in the branch registration procedure, including interaction with local regulatory and tax authorities.
Consultations on tax strategy and its optimization.
Organization of accounting and tax accounting.
Support in personnel management and compliance with labor laws.

YB CASE support at every stage of the process will not only ease the burden on your internal resources, but will also help you avoid potential legal and financial risks associated with doing business in a new jurisdiction.